ࡱ> pro '&bjbjAA 4:#y#yw~~~~~84n(BXXX333,!`-~33333-~~XXB3~X~X3`sEIX0""~333--333"333333333 D:   Press release: embargoed until 00:01 hrs, Wednesday, September 4th Schools inventing pupils results in science Teachers are being pushed by school managers to inflate and even invent pupils marks in science courses which feature in GCSE league tables as institutions desperately seek to boost their positions in the rankings, new research claims. In one unnamed school, teenagers deemed unlikely to gain a C grade were switched from two-year science GCSEs to BTECs courses which in the past have been deemed to be worth multiple GCSEs for league table purposes but have traditionally featured no written exams with only six weeks of their studies to go. Teachers were then put under pressure to do all they could to get the pupils to pass the BTEC course, including being pushed even to make up results for teenagers who had not completed the work in time. The claims come in two papers being presented to the British Educational Research Associations annual conference today and tomorrow. Birendra Singh, a former science teacher and former Ofsted inspector who is completing a doctorate at the University of Londons Institute of Education, produced the papers after spending five years observing science departments in three London secondary schools. He reported that, in two of the schools, one of which was deemed at the time by Ofsted to be outstanding while the other was rated good, GCSE results were being inflated by the use of BTEC courses in science. BTECs currently consist entirely of coursework assessed in-school by the teacher, though subject to some checking by the exam board which runs the qualification rather than traditional examinations. They have been deemed to be worth up to four GCSEs, for league table purposes, though the Government is changing this rule. As BTEC is assessed by the school, teachers are encouraged and/or coerced to adjust the marks so that every pupil is given at least a grade C, the minimum grade for inclusion in the league table of results, Mr Singh wrote. The third schooldid not enter pupils for BTEC in science and this might explain their lower GCSE results. One of the papers then features a detailed extract from a conversation Mr Singh had with two science teachers at the school rated good by Ofsted. The school had around 100 pupils, or 40 per cent of the year group, who had been transferred to the BTEC which is supposed to take two years to teach with only six weeks to go until the end of their year 11 (GCSE) studies. All had been deemed to be unlikely to achieve C grades in science, which are crucial to a schools league table position and are also central to Ofsted inspections and Government floor targets. The conversation took place in July 2013, after the exam board had asked for samples of pupils work after the school had submitted marks for them. Mr Singh said that teachers had given some pupils pass marks in May even though they had produced no work. So the school had then had to get pupils to complete work, to be handed on to the board. Mr Singh reported the first teacher as telling him: Nobody had bothered to get these kids to complete their coursework just gave them a C. Now we are having to get them to complete their coursework, I mean copy or we tell them what and how to do it, like doing this simple graph. The second teacher then said that he was under pressure from the deputy head to further falsify results for pupils who had already left the school, but that he would draw the line at that. Mr Singh said: There is something very rotten going on here. The teachers themselves say its cheating, its falsification. Schools are under so much pressure to achieve good grades for their pupils, they find they have to be achieved, come what may, and they find ways around achieving them genuinely. The pupils are getting the grades given to them, but it is doing them no favours if they dont actually deserve the marks theyve been given. He acknowledged that his evidence was just from two or three schools but said teachers had told him these practices were widespread, and that they had been told by school managers to push the boundaries because other schools were doing it. Ministers are tightening up the league table rules on BTECs and other non-GCSE qualifications, so that they will not count as worth multiple GCSEs in future and must feature some external exams as well as coursework. But this was still not the case of as of this summer. Mr Singhs papers also paint a bleak picture of other aspects of science teaching at the three schools. He said one pupil, now doing a BTEC, had had eight science teachers over the course of years nine and 10, many of them supply staff. In general, he wrote, pupils in the middle or bottom sets tended to get worse teaching resources than those in the top sets, but even top-set pupils often went on to do badly in their AS level exams as they had been spoon-fed to get good grades at GCSE. Mr Singh wrote that even the one school of the three which did not use BTECs had inflated pupils results at age 14 to make them look higher than they truly were, as had the other two schools. And school managers held regular mini-inspections of teachers work, often with the goal of forcing staff out. Two years ago, ɫs annual conference in London heard evidence from three small-scale studies including an earlier paper by Mr Singh that some teachers were confessing to falsifying in-class marks they gave to pupils to provide evidence that children were continually making progress with their learning. Teaching to the test or containment: the only pedagogies in school science? is being presented to ɫ by Birendra Singh on Wednesday, September 4th. A case of double triage in English secondary schools is being presented to ɫ by Birendra Singh on Thursday, September 5th. Further information from: Warwick Mansell ɫ press officer 07813 204245 Email: warwickmansell@gmail.com Notes for editors: 1 The school which at the time of Mr Singhs fieldwork was outstanding is now categorised as good by Ofsted. 2 The six-week period referred to covers the period between the pupils allegedly being switched to BTECs, in March 2013, and the deadline by which coursework for the entire course had to be submitted, said Mr Singh. 3 National testing was scrapped at 14 in 2008, but schools can still be under pressure from local authorities to show good results at this age. 4 The press release from the 2011 ɫ conference, in which Mr Singhs research also featured, can be viewed here:  HYPERLINK "http://www.bera.ac.uk/system/files/teacherassess.pdf" http://www.bera.ac.uk/system/files/teacherassess.pdf 5 The 39th annual conference of the British Educational Research Association is being held at the University of Sussex from Tuesday, September 3rd to Thursday, September 5th. More than 600 research papers will be presented during the course of the conference. The conference programme can be accessed via the ɫ website:  HYPERLINK "http://www.beraconference.co.uk" http://www.beraconference.co.uk ɫ ɫ The British Educational Research Association (ɫ) is a member-led charity which exists to encourage educational research and its application for the improvement of practice and public benefit. We strive to ensure the best quality evidence from educational research informs policy makers, practitioners and the general public and contributes to economic prosperity, cultural understanding, social cohesion and personal flourishing.      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